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The stringent environmental regulations on sulfur content of crude oil and refined products have necessitated the desulphurization of the natural resource. In this study, caustic desulphurization process using NaOH aqueous solution was applied to Nigerian crude oil sample containing 3.4995% sulfur content. The influence of process variables such as NaOH solution concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time were modeled and optimized using central composite design of the response surface methodology. Based on the modeling results, the R 2  and adjusted R 2  values of 0.976 and 0.955, respectively, indicated that the model properly fitted the experimental data, implying the accuracy of the model prediction. The maximum predicted desulphurization rate of 58.3% was estimated under optimal conditions of 3 M NaOH solution concentration, 50 °C reaction temperature, and 30 minutes reaction time at a desirability of 1. The removal efficiency and economic feasibility of the process indicated that desulphurization of crude oil using NaOH aqueous solution should be recommended for use in the petroleum and petrochemical industries.

Desulphurization of crude oil using caustic soda: process modelling and optimization