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Experimental measurements of zeta potential could be employed for the disjoining pressure calculation to determine wettability alteration during low salinity water injection. However, due to the instability of zeta potential measurements at high temperatures (∼&gt;80ͦc) which are representative of hydrocarbon reservoir temperature, this approach has been rarely recommended for hydrocarbon reservoirs. To avoid the zeta potential measurement, a theoretical approach is presented in this study. A numerical model is developed which considers the involved equilibrations, including chemical and thermodynamic equilibriums. The model presents an in-house MATLAB platform that includes interface charge alteration which affects surfaces zeta potential for a given Crude Oil-Brine-Rock system (i.e., oil-brine and rock-brine interfaces). The proposed model conducts phase equilibrium calculation. It considers the effect of soluble components of each phase on the composition and thickness of the electrical double layer that determines the stability of the water film between oil and rock surfaces. Consequently, the zeta potential is related to pressure, temperature, oil and brine composition, and pH for the carbonate rocks. The model is validated using the data sets from the literature. Results show that the developed model correctly represents zeta potential trends arising from changes in brine composition.

Numerical modeling of rock surface zeta potential in the low salinity water-injection