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The vapor cloud explosion model is used to evaluate hazard consequences upon the leakage and explosion of long-distance natural gas pipelines. However, this model limits the evaluation results of outdoor natural gas pipelines by large errors. Thus, the VCE model must be modified to evaluate the consequences of accidents more accurately. Based on computational fluid dynamics, we numerically simulate natural gas pipeline leakage, calculate the Gaussian plume model under different wind speeds, and obtain the diffusion explosion ranges in three dimensions. The simulations show that when the wind speed is zero, the maximum damage caused by an explosion of 9.5% natural gas filled within the maximum explosive diffusion volume can be taken as the theoretical basis to correct the VCE model. Through the calculation example, it can be concluded that the radius of minor injury, serious injury and death in the revised VCE model are all about 29% of those before the revision. Through comparison of the literature and experimental data, it can be seen that the calculated results of the improved VCE model are closer to those obtained experimentally. These data provide an important basis to assess the consequences of the accident and for onsite emergency rescue command.

Application of the improved vapor cloud explosion model to leakage explosion evaluation of high-pressure natural gas pipelines