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Insights into coke forming propensities of heavy oil and associated kinetics are critical in examining their prospective potential for liquid product yield while upgrading. In the present work, upgrading of Arabian mix asphalt (AMA) was studied in an in-house designed SS-316 autoclavable batch reactor at four temperatures, such as, 430, 445, 460, and 475 °C and six holding times in the range of 5–90 min to examine the coke forming propensities, product distribution, and kinetics of upgrading of AMA with that of reported corresponding vacuum residue (Arabian mix vacuum residue (AMVR)). Coke formation as a consequence of AMA upgrading was found to increase with temperature and a slight decrease was observed at 475 °C after the holding time of 60 min. The maximum liquid product yield from AMA (44.73 wt%) was found to be significantly less than that from AMVR (53.59 wt%). The coke yield was negligible for both AMA and AMVR at 430 °C till the holding time of 20 min. The coke yield from AMA was found to be almost 1.25 times higher vis-a-vis AMVR. The activation energy of the pathway involving formation of petroleum coke from AMA was 257.94 kJ/mol vis-a-vis AMVR (262.12 kJ/mol).

Reaction kinetics and coke forming propensities of Arabian mix asphalt vis-a-vis Arabian mix vacuum residue