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The goals of the present study are to relate the transactional and transformational aspects of modern leadership theory to the history of Medici rule and influence in Renaissance Florentine politics, and, at the same time, to test leadership models against the humanist debates on the accession of the Medici to power. I will focus on the  Discorso sopra il fermare lo stato di Firenze nella devozione de’ Medici  [Discourse on holding the State of Florence in devotion to the Medici], written in 1516 by Lodovico Alamanni (1488–1526), a prominent Florentine statesman. Alamanni’s  Discorso  relates to the first restoration of the Medici government and engages with a number of issues that animate Machiavelli’s political theory as well as other memoranda for the Medici contemporaneous with  The Prince . I argue that the two categories of leadership—the transactional and the transformational—first proposed by James MacGregor Burns, provide a new way of specifying Alamanni’s intentions and, by comparison, those of contemporary authors, including Machiavelli. I will also demonstrate that Alamanni’s work exemplifies more vividly than other political writings of the Medici period an approach to leadership that is predicated upon the combination of the transactional and transformational paradigms.

How Republics Perish: Lodovico Alamanni, the Medici, and Transformational Leadership