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Many people who have recently delivered a baby (puerperae) experience postpartum depression. The aim of this study is to examine nicotine dependence within the 5 years prior to delivery (ND5y) as a factor. Data from TriNetX Research Network platform were used. Analysis involved determining risk ratios of postpartum depression among puerperae with/without ND5y in umatched cohorts and propensity score matched cohorts. The unmatched sample included 1,460 (13.8%) postpartum puerperae with diagnosed ND5y and 9,138 (86.2%) postpartum puerperae without ND5yt. The matched sample included 1,362 participants with and 1,362 participants without ND5y diagnosis. The unmatched and matched risk ratios were 1.75 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.55, 1.98;  p  &lt; 0.0001) and 0.68 (95% [CI]: 0.59, 0.79;  p  &lt; 0.0001), respectively. Postpartum depression was associated with ND5y in the unmatched sample analysis, but not in the matched sample analysis. As a potential mechanism is unknown, it is possible that some of the matched variables have a shared mechanism with post-partum depression and matching may have masked the true relationship. Therefore, both the unmatched and propensity matched analyses are presented as both have important relevance and may spur future research with non-clinical-based data.

Nicotine Dependence and Postpartum Depression: A Multicenter Research Network Study