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Reactive azo dyes, if discharged in unmonitored manner to natural water bodies, can cause remarkable irreversible damage. The current study is centered on the decolorization and biodegradation of reactive blue (RB4) azo dye in an integrated sequential anaerobic-aerobic batch mode process. The biodegradation of reactive blue (RB4) was accomplished using alternatively both starch and gelatin-immobilized mixed cells. Activated sludge freshly collected from a sewage treatment plant was used as the biocatalyst. Complete decolorization of 10 mg/L RB4 under anaerobic conditions observed within 30 h by using individually mixed bacterial cells immobilized with; (1) starch cross-linked with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-St beads), and (2) gelatin cross-linked with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-Ge beads). The results revealed that maximum removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) under aerobic conditions were 89, 88, and 86%, using PVA-St beads, whereby they were 90, 85, 84% using PVA-Ge beads occurred within 70, 90 and 100 h at detected concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 mg/L, respectively. The effect of biocarrier has been proven to be negligible as the results were comparable using both bio-carriers.

New application of gelatin and starch as biocarriers for the biodegradation of reactive blue azo dye using immobilized mixed cells