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Using air quality monitoring data of 2018, 2020 and 2021 from national monitoring stations in Hangzhou, the disaster cycles, with levels of ozone (O 3 ), fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), and coarse particulate matter (PM 10 ) were determined. The damage to human health from pollutants, which represents the loss of open space functionality, was determined by a review of the literature. Using the theory of resilience evaluation, a correlation was established between pollutant concentrations and system functions, and resilience performance curves of different types of open spaces were constructed for the urban open space pollutant disaster cycle to evaluate the resilience and related properties for open space responses to O 3 , PM 2.5 , and PM 10  pollution disasters. The results indicate that open spaces in scenic and cultural areas are more resilient to pollution than residential areas and commercial transportation residential mixed zones. All open spaces were the most robust to PM 10  and had the highest redundancy for O 3  and PM 10 , while had the lowest redundancy for PM 2.5 . All open spaces responded most rapidly to PM 2.5 , partly because of larger scale meteorological changes in cities. All open spaces had the strongest resilience to PM 10  disasters, followed by O 3  disasters, with the worst resilience to PM 2.5  disasters, with a resilience index range of [0.5, 1]. The results and methods can help enhance urban resilience by bringing new ideas and broadening urban resilience theory and research. The strategy of enhancing greenery in urban open spaces was found to significantly reduce the impact of air pollution disasters, thereby reducing human health damage to users of open spaces. This is significant for enhancing urban resilience and building urban health infrastructure.

Urban open space resilience evaluation of air pollution disasters based on monitoring data of national monitoring stations in Hangzhou