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Objectives.  This study evaluated the effects of wearing the Laevo v2.56 exoskeleton (Laevo, The Netherlands) on physiological parameters related to working load and metabolic cost (MC) during a lifting task, explored the variability in exoskeleton performance among users and determined whether perceived discomfort negatively correlates with a reduction in MC.  Methods.  Twenty participants completed a 4-min repetitive lifting task with/without the exoskeleton. Respiratory gases, heart rate, blood lactate and ratings of perceived exertion and experienced discomfort were collected, and MC was calculated.  Results . Wearing the exoskeleton significantly reduced MC and oxygen uptake during the lifting task by 4.8 and 3.8%, respectively. Workload reduction occurred in 65% of the participants.  Conclusion . The Laevo v2.56 exoskeleton reduced MC and workload in a repetitive lifting task in a subject-dependent manner. Future studies should focus on identifying factors that could cause performance variability such as user–robot interaction forces.

Use of a passive lumbar back exoskeleton during a repetitive lifting task: effects on physiologic parameters and intersubject variability