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The objectives are to evaluate the effects of a sequential combination of aerobic exercise and cognitive training, compared with exercise or cognitive training alone, on cognitive function, physical function, daily function, quality of life, and social participation in stroke survivors with cognitive impairment. This is a single-blind, parallel, randomized controlled trial. Stroke patients with mild cognitive impairment (n = 56) were randomly assigned to aerobic exercise training (n = 18), computerized cognitive training (n = 18), and the sequential combination of aerobic exercise and computerized cognitive training (n = 20) group. All groups underwent training 60 min/day, 3 days/week, for a total of 12 weeks. The primary outcomes included Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition, and the Stroop color-word test. Secondary outcomes were the Timed Up and Go test, 6-Minute Walk Test, Functional Independence Measure, Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, Community Integration Questionnaire, and Stroke Impact Scale. 56 participants completed the trial. Compared with a single type of aerobic exercise or cognitive training, the combined training group showed significant improvement in MoCA ( P  &lt; .05, η2 = 0.13), and two sub-tests in WMS-III (both P’s &lt; 0.05) following the intervention. However, no between-group differences were observed for physical functions, daily function, quality of life, and social participation measures. The findings provide evidence for the potential synergistic intervention in stroke survivors. Future studies investigating the transfer effects and the optimal training parameters with a larger sample is needed.

Clinical efficacy of aerobic exercise combined with computer-based cognitive training in stroke: a multicenter randomized controlled trial