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In this work, TiO 2  nanoparticle (NP) compacts were employed as novel supportive substrates for synthesis of TiO 2  nanowires (NWs) with controlled diameter via an alkali hydrothermal route. SEM observations showed that the alkali hydrothermal treatment caused an in situ conversion of TiO 2  NPs on the outer surface of the compacts to TiO 2  NWs. The diameter of each individual NW could be facilely tailored from 10 nm to 500 nm through adjustment of the hydrothermal temperature and reaction time. Moreover, compared with TiO 2  NWs grown on the conventional Ti metals, those grown on the compacts were much more stable in the aqueous solution. In vitro biocompatible evaluation indicates that the as-synthesised TiO 2  NWs supported attachment and proliferation of fibroblasts L929 cells, indicating a good biocompatibility. Moreover, TiO 2  NWs with small diameter significantly enhanced cell attachment and proliferation. Thus, the as-synthesised TiO 2  NWs might have a potential as novel biocompatible tissue regenerative matrix.

In situ hydrothermal growth and in vitro biocompatibility of TiO 2 nanowires grown on TiO 2 nanoparticle compacts as novel supportive substrates