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Iron oxide (Fe 880 O) nanoparticles (IONPs) were synthesised via a chemical reaction by mixing hot red pepper with waste rust iron extract at 300°C for 1.5 hours to study the resulting antibacterial activity. The structural and optical properties of the NPs were characterised using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antibacterial activity of the IONPs was examined in comparison with that of gram-positive;  Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis , and gram-negative; and  Escherichia Coli  and  Klebsiella pneumonia  bacteria. Additionally, this information was used to investigate the accumulation of spent iron extract from the environment, its conversion into an efficient basic material to synthesise Fe 880 O NPs, and their utility for medical treatments. The results yielded important information regarding the properties of IONPs (e.g. crystallite size, particle size, energy band gap, and absorption band strength) and their inhibition on both bacterial strains. Finally, this research will pave a new path for exploring how to utilise rust iron and transform it from harmful to beneficial material.

Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles by mixing chilli with rust iron extract to examine antibacterial activity