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Anodisation with electrochemical cathodic deposition method was employed to modify the surface of Ti implants with a bilayer coating made of Sr- doped titania (Sr-TiO 2 ) and hydroxyapatite doped with magnesium (Mg-HAp). The Mg-HAp/Sr-TiO 2  bilayer coating was compared with pure TiO 2  and Sr-TiO 2  single-layer coating. The Sr incorporation into TiO 2  and Mg substitution into HAp strengthened their bioactive properties. The tensile test indicated increase in the mechanical strength of the bilayer coated substrate compared to pure TiO 2  substrate. Moreover, the study indicated that the Sr and Mg ions were uniformly incorporated into the Mg-HAp/Sr-TiO 2  bilayer coating with significantly higher roughness and hydrophilicity compared to the control.  In vitro  studies with osteoblasts cells had a superior response to the Mg-HAp/Sr-TiO 2  bilayer surface. It was found that a bilayer Mg-HAp/Sr-TiO 2  coating on Ti implants promotes bioactivity and has superior adhesion strength necessary for osseointegration and bone healing.

Biocompatibility and adhesion response of magnesium-hydroxyapatite/strontium-titania (Mg-HAp/ Sr-TiO 2 ) bilayer coating on titanium