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Social support confers a protective effect against elevated PTSD symptomatology following injury. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which social support conveys this protective mental health effect in injury survivors. Coping self-efficacy is linked to both social support and PTSD symptomatology but has not been examined. To test coping self-efficacy as a mechanism for the relationship between social support and PTSD symptom severity among injury survivors. Participants consisted of 61 injury survivors (62.3% male, 72.1% White) admitted to a Level-1 Trauma Center. Social support was assessed at 2-weeks post-injury; coping self-efficacy at 6-weeks post-injury; and PTSD symptom severity at 3-months post-injury. A statistically significant indirect effect was found for the social support – coping self-efficacy – PTSD symptomatology pathway, providing evidence of mediation even after controlling for age, sex, race, and education ( B  = −0.51,  SE  = 0.18,  CI  = −0.92, −0.20). Social support may exert an effect on PTSD symptom severity post-injury through its connection with coping self-efficacy. Coping self-efficacy represents an important intervention target following injury for those survivors with lower social support who are at risk for elevated PTSD symptom severity levels.

The mediating role of coping self-efficacy on social support and PTSD symptom severity among injury survivors