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A newly developed, high-performance, and environmentally friendly flocculant, i.e., a graft copolymer of cationic starch and cationic polyacrylamide (SC-CPAM), is synthesized via a single-step pathway in which the cationic agent is incorporated onto the starch backbone and into the polyacrylamide grafted branch simultaneously. One-pot preparation method is quick, reproducible, and easily scalable, which yields high-quality products with better flocculation performance than conventional cationic starch (SC) and starch-graft-polyacrylamide (S-PAM). The synthesized samples are characterized by physicochemical techniques, namely Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, H 1  Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H 1 NMR) Spectroscopy, Zeta Potential (ZP), and Dynamic light scattering (DLS). The application as a flocculant for wastewater treatment is investigated by flocculation of kaolinite suspension and analysis of turbidity (UV-Vis and NTU), ZP, and floc size in neutral pH. A high clarification of 97.8%, low turbidity of 1.97 NTU, and large floc size of 136 µm, obtained by SC-CPAM, are believed to result from dual flocculation mechanisms, i.e., polymer charge patch and particle bridging, enabled by the cationic high molecular weight branched bio-based flocculant for wastewater purification applications.

One-pot production of a graft copolymer of cationic starch and cationic polyacrylamide applicable as flocculant for wastewater treatment