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This study experimentally investigates the efficacy of TE 11  mode microwaves in detecting bend-region cracks. Three types of bends with different dimensions were deployed in a 3 m piping system and then tested, with an axial or circumferential slit machined at different angular positions to simulate a crack. The TE 11  mode microwaves were excited using self-designed TE 11  mode microwave probes and utilised for crack detection. The experimental results show clear reflection peaks at the bend position, demonstrating the feasibility of applying TE 11  mode microwaves in the detection of bend-region cracks. Furthermore, the peak location of reflection is in accordance with the angular position of the slit. The findings also indicate that the peak amplitude of reflection is affected by the factors of mode conversion of microwaves at a bend. In addition, the experimental results also manifest an excellent signal-to-noise ratio to both two types of slits, suggesting that the microwave NDT is a powerful tool for bend-region inspection.

Experimental investigation on bend-region crack detection using TE 11 mode microwaves