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In this research, (Bi 0.487 Na 0.427 K 0.06 Ba 0.026 )TiO 3  ceramics were prepared by conventional solid-state mixed-oxide method to incorporate Na excess according to the chemical formula (Bi 0.487 Na 0.427+xK 0.06 Ba 0.026 )TiO 3 , where  x  = 0.0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020. The crystal structure, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were systematically investigated with respect to the amount of Na excess. X-ray diffraction data identified pure perovskite structure for all compositions. The pseudocubic structure was observed for  x  = 0.0 − 0.005 before it transformed to rhombohedral structure at  x  ≥ 0.015. The grain size tended to be larger with increasing Na excess amount. Increasing  x  also led to a substantial increase in ferroelectric-relaxor transition temperature ( TF-R ) from 80 °C ( x  = 0) to 110 °C ( x  = 0.020). With increasing  x  from 0 to 0.020, the standard polarization-electric field ( P-E ) hysteresis measurements revealed a reduction in remanent polarization ( Pr ) together with an increase in coercive field ( Ec ), which was further confirmed by the remanent  P-E  hysteresis measurements. In addition, the piezoelectric constant ( d33 ) was also found to steadily decrease as  x  increased. The observation of increased  TF-R  and  Ec  along with a decrease in  d33  and  Pr  indicated a stabilization of ferroelectric order induced by Na excess. This research highlights the importance of sufficient control over A-site stoichiometry and how it affects the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of BNT-based ceramics.

integrated ferroelectrics

Effects of Na Excess on the Crystal Structure Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Properties of (Bi 0.487 Na 0.427 K 0.06 Ba 0.026 )TiO 3  Lead-Free Piezoceramics