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Lead-free 1-x(Bi 0.47 Na 0.47 Ba 0.06 ) 0.95 La 0.05 TiO 3 -xBa(Sn 0.70 Nb 0.24 )O 3  (BNBLT-xBSN) ceramics with  x  = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 mol.% were synthesized by the solid-state combustion technique with a calcination temperature of 750 °C for 2 h and a sintering temperature of 1150 °C for 2 h. The effect of BSN substitution on the phase formation, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties of the BNBLT ceramics was investigated. With the substitution of BSN, the coexisting rhombohedral ( R ) and tetragonal ( T ) phases transformed into coexisting  R  and cubic ( C ) phase, verified by Rietveld refinement. The  C  phase increased with increased BSN content. The average grain size decreased from 1.14 to 0.89  µ m when x increased to 0.03 and then increased to 0.96  µ m. The measured density and maximum dielectric constant ( εm ) tended to increase from 5.44 to 5.87 g/cm 3  and 1800 to 1942 when x increased to 0.03, then decreased to 5.25 g/cm 3  and 1501, respectively. The remanent polarization ( Pr ) and coercive field ( Ec ) decreased when x increased to 0.03. The 0.97BNBLT-0.03BSN ceramic exhibited the lowest energy loss density ( Wloss  ∼ 0.10 J/cm 3 ) and the highest energy-storage efficiency ( η  ∼ 77.3%) measured under an electric field of 70  k V/cm.

Phase Formation, Morphology and Electrical Properties of Lead-Free BNBLT-xBSN Ceramics Synthesized via the Solid-State Combustion Technique