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This research studied the effect of MnO 2  substitution on the phase formation, microstructure and electrical properties of (Ba 0.97 Ca 0.03 )(Ti 0.94-x Mn x Sn 0.06 )O 3  (BCTMS with  x  = 0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, and 0.020 mol%) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. The BCTMS ceramics were fabricated by the solid-state combustion technique. The powders and green pellets were calcined and sintered at 1100 °C for 4 h and 1400 °C for 2 h, respectively. The XRD patterns of all BCTMS ceramics exhibited a single perovskite structure with the coexisting orthorhombic and tetragonal phases, where the tetragonal phase increased and the orthorhombic decreases with increasing x. The average grain size decreased from 35 to 13 µm with increasing x. The dielectric constants at room temperature ( εr ) and at the Curie temperature ( ε C), density, remanent polarization ( P r), and piezoelectric coefficient ( d 33) decreased as x increased. The changes in the crystal structure and microstructure affected electrical properties.

integrated ferroelectrics

Crystal Structure, Microstructure and Electrical Properties of (Ba 0.97 Ca 0.03 )(Ti 0.94-x Mn x Sn 0.06 )O 3  Ceramics Synthesized by the Solid State Combustion Technique