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This research aimed to study the effect of Sb 2 O 3  addition on the properties of BaTiO 3  ceramics. Pure and doped BaTiO 3  powders were synthesized by the mixed oxide method using BaCO 3  and TiO 2  as starting materials, and the Sb 2 O 3  was added with x wt% ( x  = 0-2). The mixed powders were then calcined at 1200 °C for 4 h, before pressing into pellets and sintered at 1250 °C for 4 h. Pure and 0.4 wt% Sb 2 O 3  doped BaTiO 3  ceramics also showed the BaTiO 3  phase with tetragonal structure. The 0.4 wt% Sb 2 O 3  condition showed the highest tetragonality (c/a). When BaTiO 3  was doped with Sb 2 O 3  at more than 0.4 wt%, the tetragonality decreased. Decreasing tetragonality of the BaTiO 3  lattice indicated the transforming structure from tetragonal to pseudo-cubic. Pure BaTiO 3  ceramic showed the largest grain size of about 1.40 µm. With the addition of Sb 2 O 3 , the grain size reduced. The 0.4 wt% Sb 2 O 3  condition showed the highest density value size of 5.10 g/cm 3 , and the highest dielectric constant at 10 kHz of about 4271 at Curie temperature (Tc = 112 °C). Dielectric loss of this condition decreased by about 50% compared to the pure BaTiO 3  ceramic and the dielectric constant decreased with increasing frequency. The BaTiO 3  ceramic was doped with Sb 2 O 3  at higher than 0.4 wt%, the dielectric constant decreased and the peaks became increasingly flat due to these conditions transform to the pseudo-cubic lattice structure.

Effect of Sb 2 O 3 Addition on Properties of BaTiO 3 Ceramics