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Forest decline is a widespread phenomenon on coasts throughout the Mediterranean basin. Pathogenic fungi are amongst the main causes of forest tree diseases.  Diplodia  species, having a cosmopolitan distribution, are well-known as pathogens of woody plant hosts including  Pinus  spp. In recent years, symptoms of shoot dieback, necrosis, twig blight, canopy transparency and trunk cankers have been observed on  Pinus pinea  trees in Tunisian forests. Nevertheless, this has been less well-studied in North Africa and especially in Tunisia. The purpose of this study is to report the occurrence of  Diplodia  species causing dieback on  P. pinea  in two forests in northeastern and the northern Tunisia. A collection of fifty-eight isolates were obtained from symptomatic branches of  P. pinea  trees. Three  Diplodia  species were identified:  D. africana, D. pseudoseriata  and  D. scrobiculata  by means of morphological characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis. Their incidence on  P. pinea  trees appeared to be significantly correlated to the dendrometric parameters and ecological factors. A pathogenicity test was conducted on 3-years-old  P. pinea  seedlings, confirmed the virulence of three  Diplodia  species. Based on the length of vascular necrosis in the wood of the  P. pinea  inoculated stem,  D. scrobiculata  was the most virulent species. Data from the present study provide the first report of the species of  Diplodia  associated with  P. pinea  dieback in Tunisia.

Diplodia Species Causing Dieback on Pinus Pinea : Relationship Between Disease Incidence, Dendrometric and Ecological Parameters