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Housing instability has been known to be a key determinant of mental health. However, previous studies have focused heavily on examining the relationship between housing instability and mental health cross-sectionally with single-point-in-time measures and the cumulative nature of housing instability that could occur repeatedly over time has been largely overlooked. By analyzing a panel dataset uniquely constructed based on the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and other datasets, this paper examines whether the cumulative association exists between housing instability incidents and mental health. By estimating negative binomial regression models, I found that the more housing instability incidents an individual has been exposed to, the poorer the individual’s mental health is likely to be. In particular, when individuals experience housing instability incidents successively without a period of being stably housed, mental health conditions dramatically deteriorate until the duration of housing instability reaches six years. Also, cumulative exposure to housing instability incidents can lead individuals to critical mental problems, but such associations are not entirely linear. These findings suggest that future policy interventions should ensure that individuals placed at heightened risk of housing instability be proactively housing.

The Cumulative Relationship between Housing Instability and Mental Health: Findings from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics