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We investigated whether silibinin, a flavonoid, might be useful for treating diabetes mellitus by treating five groups of rat RINm5F β-insulinemia cells as follows: control streptozotocin (STZ) group administered citrate buffer and dimethyl sulfoxide; STZ group administered 20 mM STZ; silibinin group administered 50 µM silibinin; pre-silibinin group administered 50 µM silibinin 5 h before administering 20 mM STZ; simultaneous group administered 50 µM silibinin at the same time as 20 mM STZ. For all groups, MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate cell viability and necrosis, respectively. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and insulin cell content were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Also, expression of genes, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 ( pdx1 ), neuronal differentiation 1 ( neurod1 ), v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A ( mafa ), glucose transporter 2 ( glut2 )) was determined using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. We found that silibinin improved the viability of RINm5F cells and increased GSIS and cellular insulin under glucotoxic conditions. Silibinin increased the expression of  neurod1, mafa  and  glut2 , but reduced  pdx1  expression. Our findings suggest that silibinin might increase glucose sensitivity and insulin synthesis under glucotoxic conditions, which could be useful for diabetes treatment.

Effects of silibinin on apoptosis and insulin secretion in rat RINm5F pancreatic β-cells