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Intramuscular fat (IMF) is closely related to the meat quality of livestock and poultry. As a new cell culture technique in  vitro , cell co-culture has been gradually applied to the related research of IMF formation because it can simulate the changes of microenvironment in  vivo  during the process of IMF cell formation. In the co-culture model, in addition to studying the effects of skeletal muscle cells on the proliferation and differentiation of IMF, we can also consider the role of many secretion factors in the formation of IMF, thus making the cell research in  vitro  closer to the real level in  vivo . This paper reviewed the generation and origin of IMF, summarized the existing co-culture methods and systems, and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of each method as well as the challenges faced in the establishment of the system, with emphasis on the current status of research on the formation of IMF for human and animal based on co-culture technology.

Research progress of intramuscular fat formation based on co-culture