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Milk protein genes are associated with milk yield and composition in dairy animals. The present study aimed to identify milk protein genes ( CSN1S1 ,  CSN2 ,  CSN3 , and  BLG ) genetic variants and their association with milk yield in Sahiwal cattle and Nili-Ravi buffaloes. One hundred animals from each species were selected to collect blood samples and milk production records. Primers were designed for these milk protein genes for PCR amplification. Sequencing of resultant PCR products revealed a higher number of SNPs (13  vs.  7, 5  vs.  1, and 6  vs.  2) in Sahiwal as compared to Nili-Ravi animals in  CSN1S1 ,  CSN2 , and  CSN3  genes, respectively. However, a single SNP was observed in  BLG  gene of both species. Association analysis revealed that one SNP in  BLG  gene of Nili-Ravi was associated ( p  &lt; 0.05) with 305-day milk yield. Two SNPs at  CSN1S1  gene in Sahiwal were associated with dry-period. Similarly, one SNP at  CSN1S1  and two SNPs at  CSN3  gene showed significant association ( p  &lt; 0.05) with average calving-interval in Sahiwal while two SNPs in  CSN1S1  gene were associated ( p  &lt; 0.05) with this trait in Nili-Ravi. These SNPs could be helpful as candidate variants for marker-assisted selection in cattle and buffaloes for improvement of lactation performance.

Genetic variants of CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN3 , and BLG genes and their association with dairy production traits in Sahiwal cattle and Nili-Ravi buffaloes