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This study investigated the role of ξ Potential on Monometallic (MM) and Bimetallic (BM) Calcium Oxide/Magnetite Iron Oxides nanoparticles to stimulate the immune response. Metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) were biosynthesis using  Pseudomonas fluorescens  S48. MNPs characterization was carried out by UV–Vis spectra, XRD analysis, Zeta potential and Particles size, SEM-EDS, and TEM, and the concentrations were calculated by ICP-AES. The immune system activity was measured by estimation of lymphocytes transformation, phagocytic activity. The end point was in evaluating the toxicity of Metallic NPs by comet assay. SEM-EDS and TEM micrographs showed that MM CaO and Fe 3 O 4  represent a perfect example of zero-dimensional (0-D) NPs with cubic and spherical particles in shape, while BM CaO/Fe 3 O 4  NPs appeared in the form of Core–shell structure. The variations effect of novelty MM, BM CaO/Fe 3 O 4  NPs in enhancing immune activity were based on the ξ Potential whereas negatively and positively charged. These findings demonstrate that the cationic CaO/Fe 3 O 4  NPs are inefficient in stimulating the immune system which causes a high cytotoxic effect. But the anionic CaO/Fe 3 O 4  NPs have advantages in targeting the immune system because of enhanced delivery to the cells through adsorptive endocytosis as well as the half-life clearance from the blood.

Stimulation the immune response through ξ potential on core–shell ‘calcium oxide/magnetite iron oxides’ nanoparticles