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The present study was conducted on Hardhenu and Sahiwal cows to evaluate the genetic diversity and the effect of candidate K232A mutation of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase ( DGAT1 ) gene on performance traits. PCR product of 413 bp size targeting K232A mutation of  DGAT 1  gene was genotyped by  Eae 1 restriction enzyme and further confirmed by sequencing. The PCR-RFLP analysis for K232A showed that the frequencies of alleles K and A were 0.80 and 0.20 in Hardhenu and 0.98 and 0.02 in Sahiwal cattle, respectively. The frequencies of genotypes for KK and KA genotype were estimated as 0.60 and 0.40 in Hardhenu and 0.96 and 0.04 in Sahiwal cattle, respectively. Chi-square test showed that K232A SNP did not meet with the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium ( p  &lt; .01) in Hardhenu cattle. Association analysis revealed that KA genotype was significantly associated with total milk yield ( p  &lt; .01) and 305 days milk yield ( p  &lt; .01)in Hardhenu cattle. Hardhenu cows having KA genotype comparatively revealed favorable mean values for AFS (880.31 ± 26.65), AFC (1166.36 ± 19.94), SP (157.46 ± 22.80), CI (441.41 ± 44.28) and AI/Conception (1.80 ± 0.17), indicating that KA genotype can be used as a candidate marker for simultaneous improvement of both production and reproduction traits.

Candidate K232A mutation of DGAT1 gene associated with production and reproduction traits in Indian Dairy cattle