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Qinchuan cattle has gradually improved in body shape and growth rate in the long-term breeding process from the draft cattle to beef cattle. As the head of the five local yellow cattle in China, the Qinchuan cattle has been designated as a specialized beef cattle breed. We investigated the selection signatures using whole genome sequencing data in Qinchuan cattle. Based on  F st, we detected hundreds of candidate genes under selection across Qinchuan, Red Angus, and Japanese Black cattle. Through protein-protein interaction analysis and functional annotation of candidate genes, the results revealed that  KMT2E ,  LTBP1  and  NIPBL  were related to brain size, body characteristics, and limb development, respectively, suggesting that these potential genes may affect the growth and development traits in Qinchuan cattle.  ARIH2 ,  DACT1  and  DNM2 ,  et al.  are related to meat quality. Meanwhile,  TBXA2R  can be used as a gene associated with reproductive function, and  USH2A  affect coat color. This provided a glimpse into the formation of breeds and molecular genetic breeding. Our findings will promote genome-assisted breeding to improve animal production and health.

Selection signatures of Qinchuan cattle based on whole-genome sequences