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Intestinal microbiota not only participates in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, but also plays an important role in regulating host metabolism and health. The current study aimed to explore the intestinal microbiota characteristics in pigs infected with African swine fever. Below the same term, fresh fecal samples of sick and healthy pigs were collected. Primers were designed and PCR was extracted based on the 16S rDNA gene of bacteria by Illumina NovaSeq sequencing platform. The results showed that the bacterial alpha diversity index of healthy pigs was significantly higher than that of sick pigs ( p  &lt; 0.05). On the phylum taxa, dominant bacteria more than 98.5% in the two groups are composed of Firmicutes, Spirobacteria, and Bacteroides, of which the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes decreased and Spiricobacteria increased extremely significant in sick pigs ( p  &lt; 0.01). On the genus taxa, the relative abundance of  Oscillospira ,  Streptococcus  and  Roseburia  decreased significantly ( p  &lt; 0.05). Most notably,  Treponema  performed excellently in distinguishing pigs infected with African swine fever with the abundance increased extremely significantly ( p  &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, African swine fever could alter the abundance of dominant bacteria in pigs, and  Treponema  may be one of the important inducers for swine pathogenicity.HighlightsThe bacterial population composition in sick pigs and healthy pigs was basically similar, but the relative abundance of dominant bacteria was significantly difference.ASF could alter the abundance of dominant bacteria in pigs, and  Treponema  may be one of the important inducers for swine pathogenicity.These results will provide further evidence for the ASF infection in local pig farms and provide reference for their microecological control, which has important practical significance and social value for effective control of ASF, stability of pig production and guarantee of market supply. The bacterial population composition in sick pigs and healthy pigs was basically similar, but the relative abundance of dominant bacteria was significantly difference. ASF could alter the abundance of dominant bacteria in pigs, and  Treponema  may be one of the important inducers for swine pathogenicity. These results will provide further evidence for the ASF infection in local pig farms and provide reference for their microecological control, which has important practical significance and social value for effective control of ASF, stability of pig production and guarantee of market supply.

Intestinal microbiota disturbance affects the occurrence of African swine fever