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This study was conducted to examine the effects of neem ( Azadirachta indica ) seed oil (NSO) on feed intake, ruminal fermentability, feed digestibility, nitrogen balance, and blood parameters in Omani sheep. Nine Omani male sheep (BW; 54.44 ± 8 kg/sheep) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin Square design with three dietary treatments and three periods, with each period lasting 21 days. The animals were randomly assigned into three treatment groups: basal diet without NSO (control); 20 mL/sheep per day NSO (low dose) or 40 mL/sheep per day NSO (high dose). Sheep fed with high dose presented lower ( p  &lt; 0.05) intake, fiber digestibility, and excreted N in urine. However, diet supplemented with high NSO dose had a lower ( p  &lt; 0.05) ruminal acetate proportion, while increased ( p  &lt; 0.05) ruminal propionate compared to the control group. Moreover, sheep offered with NSO showed a linear decrease ( p  = 0.052) in ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) concentration. The high dose increased ( p  &lt; 0.05) blood glucose and cholesterol, while decreased urea nitrogen concentrations. Emission of predicted methane (CH 4 ) reduced ( p  = 0.007) by 13% for high dose compared to the control group. In conclusion, these results suggested that NSO is a potential feed additive with up to 20 ml/kg of DM alters rumen fermentation profile, decreased CH 4  production, feed digestibility, and nitrogen metabolism for sheep.

animal biotechnology

Effect of increasing doses of neem ( Azadirachta indica ) seed oil on feed intake, nutrients digestibility, ruminal fermentation and nitrogen utilization of Omani sheep