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The characterization of miRNAs from sheep milk and their effect on milk yield and composition in sheep are remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the expression pattern of several important miRNAs, which are associated with lactation in the sheep milk between high and low lactating-yield ewe groups. In addition to experimentally obtained miRNA expression results, the miRNA target genes were determined by bioinformatics analysis to identify biological pathways involved. miRNAs found to differ significantly in the expression level between the groups were  oar-miR-181a, oar-miR-23a, oar-miR-27a, oar-miR-16b  and  oar-miR-374 . Also,  oar-miR-27a  was shown negative correlation with milk protein and lactose contents while  oar-miR-16b  was shown negative correlation with milk yield in the high milk yield group. The highest connected hub genes for  miR-27a  target genes were determined as  MAPK14  and  PPARG . Also, six genes ( HSPA4L, DNAJA2, ATP6V1B2, PPP2R1A, PPP2R1B , and  PRKAR2A ) were detected as hub genes for  miR-16b . In this study, the relationship between expression profiles of several important miRNAs in sheep milk and milk yield and milk composition were investigated for the first time in high and low lactating yield groups.

Oar-miR-16b and oar-miR-27a : negatively correlated with milk yield and milk protein in sheep