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Heat shock proteins (HSPs) act as a chaperone activity ensuring the folding, unfolding, and refolding of denatured proteins, which help in a protective role during thermal stress in dairy cattle. This study aimed to detect genetic variations of the HSPB6 gene and to determine their association with heat tolerance traits in Karan Fries cattle. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (SNP 1–5) were reported in the Karan Fries cattle, which included three transitions viz. SNP1-g.161G &gt; A, SNP2-g.436G &gt; A, and SNP4-g.2152A &gt; G and two transversions viz. SNP3-g.1743C &gt; G, SNP5-g.2417A &gt; T. The association analysis revealed that the three SNPs loci i.e., SNP1-g.161G &gt; A, SNP2-g.436G &gt; A, and SNP3-g.1743C &gt; G were significantly ( p  &lt; 0.01) associated with the respiration rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) (°C) traits. Furthermore, in the case of heat tolerance coefficient (HTC) trait was found significantly associated ( p  &lt; 0.01) with SNPs loci i.e., SNP1-g.161G &gt; A, SNP2-g.436G &gt; A, and SNP3-g.1743C &gt; G. The Hap 4 (GACAT) was found to more adaptable than cattle of other haplotypes as reflected by lower values of RR, RT and HTC. This study provides the first association analyses between the SNPs and haplotypes of HSPB6 gene and heat tolerance traits in Karan Fries cattle, which could be used as effective SNP markers in genetic selection for heat tolerance in cattle breeding program.

Genetic polymorphism in HSPB6 gene and their association with heat tolerance traits in Indian Karan Fries ( Bos taurus x Bos indicus ) cattle