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Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (Tudor‐SN) participates in milk synthesis and cell proliferation in response to prolactin (PRL) and plays a regulatory role on mTOR phosphorylation. However, the complicated molecular mechanism of Tudor‐SN regulating milk protein synthesis and cell proliferation still remains to be illustrated. In present study, we observed that the proteins level of phosphorylated Tudor‐SN and phosphorylated STAT5 were simultaneously enhanced upon PRL treatment in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Tudor‐SN overexpression and knockdown experiment showed that Tudor‐SN positively regulated the synthesis of milk protein, cell proliferation and the phosphorylation of STAT5, which was dependent on Tudor‐SN phosphorylation. STAT5 knockdown experiment showed that Tudor‐SN stimulated mTOR pathway through regulating STAT5 activation, which was required for PRL to activate the mTOR pathway. Thus, these results demonstrate the primary mechanism of Tudor‐SN coordinating with STAT5 to regulate milk protein synthesis and cell proliferation under stimulation of PRL in BMECs, which may provide some new perspectives for increasing milk production.

Phospho-Tudor-SN coordinates with STAT5 to regulate prolactin-stimulated milk protein synthesis and proliferation of bovine mammary epithelial cells