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Identification and utilization of sheep major fecundity genes offer opportunities for the increase in litter size, as well as the improvement of production efficiency in livestock industry.  BMPR-IB  gene belongs to the  TGF-β  superfamily, and is also considered as a regulator for sheep reproductive performance due to its involvement in the mammalian gametogenesis pathway. This study aimed to detect the variations of  BMPR-IB  gene in Hu sheep ( N  = 934) and to evaluate their effects on the litter size trait. qRT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression level of  BMPR-IB  in kidney was the highest. And in the tissues of ovary and pituitary, the expression levels of prolific group were significantly higher than that of non-prolific group ( p  &lt; 0.05). Through DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP, three SNPs were identified in the genomic region of  BMPR-IB  gene; the individuals with CC in g.29362047T &gt; C, AA in g.29427689G &gt; A and GG in FecB had better fecundity characterization. Additionally, association analysis indicated that two diplotypes of Hap2/2 and Hap2/4 showed larger litter size. Overall, our results verified several useful markers which would contribute to further development of sheep breeding strategies.

Polymorphisms in BMPR-IB gene and their association with litter size trait in Chinese Hu sheep