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Copy number variations (CNVs) were similar to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion-deletion (InDel), regarded as genetic variations in many species. CNV is defined as the variable change of DNA segment length compared with the reference genome, including gains or losses from 50 bp to several mega bases. The functions of  USP16  gene are diverse, such as regulating the cell cycle, DNA damage, histone H2A deubiquitination or mitotic nuclear division. To analyze the relationship between CNV of  USP16  gene and milk traits in Chinese Holstein, we used qPCR to detect the individuals of Chinese Holstein ( n  = 180). The results showed that the effect of  USP16  gene CNV on daily milk yield and fat percentage had significant difference ( p  &lt; 0.05). The gain was the advantage type in daily milk yield and the loss was the advantage type in fat percentage. Therefore, CNV of  USP16  gene is an important factor of milk traits in Chinese Holstein. Meanwhile, it may be used as a molecular marker for assisted selection of milk traits in Chinese Holstein, which provides a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of cow breeds in China.

Copy number variation of the USP16 gene and its association with milk traits in Chinese Holstein cattle