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Wh -phrases in Mandarin have an interrogative (like English  what ) and an indefinite (like English  a/some ) interpretation. Previous comprehension studies find that children can access both interpretations around 4.5 years old; studies with younger children focus on production and find that children between 2 and 4.5 do not reliably produce the indefinite interpretation in naturalistic speech or in elicited imitation tasks. In this article, we use comprehension tasks to examine 3-year-olds’ interpretation of  wh -phrases. We find that they have adult-like interpretations of  wh -phrases in two different contexts: in  dou  -sentences (Experiment 1), where the indefinite interpretation is the only available interpretation and the whole sentence receives a universal reading (roughly equivalent to English  any ), and in negated sentences (Experiment 2), where the interpretation of  wh -phrases depends on prosodic prominence and the indefinite interpretation leads to an existential reading of the sentence.

Do children know wh anything? 3-year-olds know the ambiguity of wh -phrases in Mandarin