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The aim of the present study is to scrutinize the potentiality of Quercetin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (QMSNs) to improve the disease resistance and immune response in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ). The study used five experimental groups of fish with a mean weight of 0.69 ± 0.31 g; three groups were fed quercetin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (QMSNs) incorporated diets (0.25 g kg −1  – QMSNs 0.25, 0.50 g kg −1  – QMSNs 0.50, 1 g kg −1  – QMSNs 1), while the control group was fed an additive-free basal diet. The fifth group was a strict quercetin-only diet (0.25 g kg −1  – QMD). Feeding trial was done for 90 days prior to the experimental challenge with  Klebsiella pneumoniae  and  Streptococcus agalactiae . Dietary quercetin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (QMSNs) especially at 0.50 g kg −1  significantly increased digestive enzymes, phagocytic index, potential killing activity, respiratory burst activity, and Serum antibacterial activity. Furthermore, antioxidant-related genes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] and metabolic enzymes [serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (ALT)] were found to be upregulated in the muscle and hepatopancreases of fish fed with 0.50 g kg −1  QMSNs. Survival rates were significantly higher in the 0.50 g kg −1  QMSNs group at the end of the 15 th  day challenge period compared to all other treatment groups. As a result, feeding Nile tilapia with 0.50 g kg −1  QMSNs for 90 days may be sufficient to improve fish immune response, antioxidant status, and survival rate against  Klebsiella pneumoniae  and  Streptococcus agalactiae . As a result, quercetin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (QMSNs) can be recommended as a dietary substitute against  K.pneumoniae  and  S. agalactiae  in Nile tilapia.

Influence of quercetin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (QMSNs) on immunity and diseases resistance in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus )