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The online environment for video conferencing lacks cues compared to offline, so one can hear the interlocutor's criticism more sensitively, and the fear of presenting in front of the camera can hinder participation in the meeting. It is known that interface design affords a role in improving public speaking and has a possibility of changing user behavior. To examine how the interface design of video conferencing affects video debating participation, 2 (visual anonymity: avatar vs. face) × 2 (self-affirmation vs. no self-affirmation) between-subjects experiment was conducted. Results showed that using an avatar, when properly used together with self-affirmation, has a positive effect on active participation in discussions, but derogating others’ critical messages. These results indicate unique underlying mechanisms of the effects of the avatar; the deindividuation effect of visual anonymity, and the effects of improving participation when customizing self-value reflected avatars.

Avatar-Mediated Communication in Video Conferencing: Effect of Self-Affirmation on Debating Participation Focusing on Moderation Effect of Avatar