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Recently new treatments for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) emerged, including regimens like CPX-351 and cladribine with cytarabine and daunorubicin (DA + C), demonstrating improved survival in patient subsets. This retrospective analysis is comparing the outcome of 124 patients treated with cytarabine and daunorubicin (DA;  n  = 54), CPX-351 ( n  = 26) and DA + C ( n  = 44). Complete response rate following one cycle of therapy was increased in DA + C (62%) compared to CPX-351 (42%) and DA (50%). CPX-351 demonstrated a significant increased survival post allogenic stem cell transplantation against DA (hazard ratio (HR): 4.9; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.1–21,  p  = 0.03). Median survival was reached for DA (5.6 years) but not for DA + C or CPX-351. Subgroup analysis showed that AML with myelodysplasia-related changes and therapy-related AML treated with CPX-351 had increased survival compared to DA (HR: 5.2; 95%CI: 1.2–22;  p  = 0.03). Our findings point twoards a CPX-351 superiority. However, the use of DA + C should be further evaluated in comparative studies.

leukemia and lymphoma

Retrospective analysis of three induction chemotherapy regimens in acute myeloid leukemia including CPX-351, cytarabine/daunorubicin with and without the addition of cladribine