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The present study was aimed at evaluating the adsorption of phosphate ions using  Punica granatum  shells (PGS) as an environmentally friendly and economical sorbent material. The PGS powder was characterized by several techniques including BET,SEM, and FTIR, as well as its adsorption capacity evaluated with the sorption offrom water. To achieve adequate removal offrom water, a chemometric method based on the Box–Behnken design was applied to optimize the influence of the main operating factors such as the PGS amount (0.10–1 g L −1 ), medium pH (3–9), andinitial concentration (10–100 mg L −1 ) on the adsorption processes. Noteworthy, the best adsorption amount (29.31 mg g −1 ) was obtained at a pollutant dose of 72.72 mg L −1 , an adsorbent quantity of 1 g L −1  in medium acid pH 3 at 25 °C. The modeling study suggests that the process ofuptake follows the pseudo-second-order model with a maximum adsorbent quantity of 32.25 mg g −1 .

A Box-Behnken design-based chemometric approach to optimize the removal of phosphate ions from water using Punica granatum shells