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The interaction between polar or polarizable fluids and strong electric fields gives rise to many intriguing phenomena in which coherent behaviors are established, which can result in the formation of peculiar structural arrangements. Even if many of the features observed in largely different fluids can be traced back to dielectrophoretic forces, net charges affect the produced structures and imply additional contribution from Coulombic forces. Some simple experiments are here reported and discussed where the different roles played by the forces acting on induced dipoles or on net charges are put into evidence. The results confirm that in any fluid dielectrophoresis is responsible for the observed phenomena, especially at high field strengths, while moderate concentration of ions and the resulting moderate conductivity can be responsible for some peculiar behaviours, including some asymmetries observed in the system response, depending on the field orientation, which have been reported in the literature.

Competition between dielectrophoresis and electrophoresis in fluids under an electric field