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Salvia majdae  (Lamiaceae) is an aromatic herb of pharmaceutical interest in Iran due to its several biological properties. In the present study, we studied the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of  S. majdae  essential oil (EO) by comparing several extraction methods, including hydrodistillation (HD), steam distillation (SD), ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation (UAHD), microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) and ohmic-assisted hydrodistillation (OAHD). The major EOs compounds obtained with all methods included linalool (39.4–45.7%) and camphor (30.9–34.3%). The highest EO yield was obtained using HD and MAHD, with 9 and 5% (w/w), respectively. The shortest extraction time (20 Min) was obtained using MAHD. The antibacterial activity of  S. majdae  EOs was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method on a panel of Gram-positive ( Bacillus subtilis ,  Staphylococcus aureus  and  Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens ) and Gram-negative ( Agrobacterium tumefaciens ,  Xanthomonas citri  and  Escherichia coli ) bacteria. Notably, the EO obtained by HD demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity.

Variability in chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Salvia majdae essential oil under various extraction techniques