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In this paper, three extraction methods: conventional hydrodistillation, microwave assisted hydrodistillation and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, were applied to isolate essential oils from two  Eucalyptus  species. To our knowledge, it is the first study dealing with extraction and characterization of essential oils from  E. intertexta  and  E. diversifolia  from the south of Tunisia. A comparison between species in terms of yield, extraction time, and chemical composition of essential oils as well as their anti-inflammatory and anti-Alzheimer activities was done. The obtained yields varied from 0.88 to 8.35% depending on the species and extraction process. Chemical composition of essential oils was evaluated using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Eighty-six compounds were identified, whose major are 1,8-cineole (60.36%), and α-pinene (24.72%) in E.  diversifolia  EOs and 1,8-cineole (33.50%), caryophyllene oxide (21.51%) and p-cymene (21.29%) in  E. intertexta  EOs. Microwave assisted hydrodistillation was shown to be the faster compared to the other studied methods. Interesting activities were observed with  E. diversifolia  essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation (50% inhibition in anti-inflammatory test (5-lipoxygenase)) and by microwave assisted hydrodistillation (49% inhibition in anti-Alzheimer test (acetylcholinesterase)).

Variation in chemical composition and biological properties of two Tunisian Eucalyptus essential oils under three eco-friendly extraction techniques