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Irreversibility analysis gives an idea of the energy loss of the system which appears in most industrial applications. In the present problem, the irreversibility of a 3-D Darcy–Forchheimer Casson hybrid nanofluid flow caused by a rotating disk is analyzed. Cattaneo–Christov heat flux, Joule’s heating, and nonlinear thermal radiation with heat generation are introduced in the system. The governing important PDEs are transformed into a collection of ODEs with suitable boundary conditions, and then, solved numerically by Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg-based shooting approach. The velocities and temperature are explored with different governing parameters. Further, we analyzed the irreversibility of the system including the Bejan number with the rate of local heat transfer. We have compared our results with the existing literature. The Brinkman number and Reynolds number are observed to increase the entropy generation of the system. Temperature ratio, Cattaneo–Christov heat flux, Prandtl number, and Biot number boost up the rate of heat transfer at the surface. The outcome of the problem leads to an application to industries and solar panels with advanced Darcy–Forchheimer feature and the presence of nanoparticles.

numerical heat transfer, part b: fundamentals

Analysis of irreversibility for 3-D MHD convective Darcy–Forchheimer Casson hybrid nanofluid flow due to a rotating disk with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux, Joule heating, and nonlinear thermal radiation