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The impacts of single- ( SPM ) and two-phase models ( TPM s), including Euler-Lagrange ( ELM ) and Eulerian-Eulerian models ( EEM ), on a laminar forced convection heat transfer and fluid flow of thenanofluid are evaluated in a rotating U-shape microchannel with a square cross-section and constant wall temperature. The effects of Reynolds numbers, rotational speed, volume fraction, Brownian motion, and implementation of no-slip and slip conditions are investigated. The slip velocity and heat transfer increase by increasing the volume fraction and rotational speed. The  EEM  and  ELM  provide a higher total Nusselt number than the  SPM . The maximum heat transfer augmentations of 53.3%, 45.7%, and 41% are achieved for the  EEM ,  ELM , and  SPM  by increasing the rotational speed from zero to 600 at ϕ = 5%. The predictions of pressure drop by  TPM s are essentially the same but considerably lower than  SPM . Unlike the  ELM , the nanoparticle concentrations of  EEM  and  SPM  are uniform.

Investigations of nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a rotating microchannel using single- and two-phase approaches