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Full chemical-kinetics of the green one-pot four-component condensation among ethyl acetoacetate  1 , hydrazine hydrate  2 , malononitrile  3  and various substituents of benzaldehyde  4  has been spectrally investigated for the generation of pyranopyrazoles  5.  The extremely large negative  ΔS ‡values were obtained for all the reactions, particularly in four-component reaction among  1 ,  2 ,  3  and para electron-withdrawing substituted benzaldehyde  4 . The high unfavorable  ΔS ‡value (-188.2 J mol −1  K −1 ) is compensated by the favorablevalue (lower, 13.47 k J mol −1 ) in comparison with  ΔH ‡values of unsubstituted benzaldehyde  4  (19.1 k J mol −1 ) and electron-donating substituted benzaldehyde  4  (37.4 k J mol −1 ), herein, the reaction rate with lesser value ofk J mol −1  is faster than other reactions, compared toandk J mol −1 . A reliable correlation of log  k  andwith an excellent DPF (r = 0.990) and positive value of reaction constant (demonstrated that both resonance and inductive effects “altogether” contributed on the reaction center with a strong electron-withdrawing group, accompanied by high positive charges, which can be stabilized by electron-donating compound. The substituent effects on the reaction kinetics generally obey the same kinetics role for the series of compounds used in this work (Hammett, Exner and isokinetic relationship studies). Among ten steps inside the reaction mechanism, only  step 8with the substituent group near the reaction center could be resonated directly with this center. So,  step 8was identified as RDS.

polycyclic aromatic compounds

Comprehensive Kinetics and a Mechanistic Investigation on the Biological Active Pyrano[2,3-C]Pyrazole Core in the Presence of Both Eco-Friendly Catalyst and Solvent: Experimental Green Protocol