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Objective: Major depressive disorder is a debilitating and recurrent psychiatric disorder. Blueberries have several biological properties, including neuroprotective effects, through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of blueberry extract on depressive-like behavior and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neurochemical changes. Methods: Mice were pretreated with vehicle, fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) or blueberry extract (100 or 200 mg/kg) intragastrically for seven days before intraperitoneal LPS (0.83 mg/kg) injection. Twenty-four hours after LPS administration, mice were submitted to behavioral tests. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory parameters were evaluated in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Results: Our data showed that blueberry extract or fluoxetine treatment protected against LPS-induced depressive-like behavior in tail suspension and splash tests ( P  &lt; 0.05), without changes in locomotor activity ( P  &gt; 0.05). LPS induced an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species ( P  &lt; 0.001), nitrite ( P  &lt; 0.05) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances ( P  &lt; 0.01), as well as a reduction in total sulfhydryl content ( P  &lt; 0.05) and catalase activity ( P  &lt; 0.05) in brain structures; blueberry extract restored these alterations ( P  &lt; 0.05). In addition, blueberry extract attenuated the increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels induced by LPS administration ( P  &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that blueberry extract exerted antidepressant-like effects, protected the brain against oxidative damage, and modulated TNF-α levels induced by LPS.

nutritional neuroscience

Blueberry extract as a potential pharmacological tool for preventing depressive-like behavior and neurochemical dysfunctions in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide