English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Stable isotope analyses are the leading method for geographic origin determination, especially of plant-based agricultural products. Origin analysis is typically done by comparing a suspicious sample to reference materials with known geographic origin. Reference materials are usually collected at the species level, assuming different varieties of a species to have comparable isotope compositions within a given location. We evaluated whether different phenotypes that are expressed in different varieties of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.) influence the oxygen ( δ18 O) and hydrogen ( δ2 H) isotope composition of plant tissue water and organic compounds. We found that mean  δ18 O and  δ2 H values among winter wheat varieties did not differ significantly in leaf water, however, differed significantly in bulk dried grain tissue. The differences in bulk dried grain  δ18 O and  δ2 H values among varieties can be related to differences in phenotypic trait expression among varieties. Despite this substantial phenotypic variability, the overall variability of bulk dried grain  δ18 O and  δ2 H values among varieties was small (SD 0.54 ‰ for oxygen, 3.60 ‰ for hydrogen). We thus conclude that reference materials collected at the species level should be sufficient for geographic origin analysis of winter wheat and possibly other cereals using  δ18 O and  δ2 H values.

Effects of phenotypic variability on the oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of grains in different winter wheat varieties