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In this study, the spatial pattern of land use refers to the sequence of land use intensity (LUI) in the sea-land direction. To explore the correlation between the port shoreline and the order of land use intensity in the vertical direction from the port shoreline, spatial relationships were introduced into association rule mining models to establish spatial association models that reflected the relationship between the spatial pattern and allocation of land use along the sea-land gradient in the coastal zone. First, the area was divided into grids, and the value of each grid unit was quantified as the land use change rates in 1990–2000, 2000–2010 and 2010–2018. Second, a decision table that reflected the association between port shoreline growth and LUI sequence and a decision table that reflected the association between land use transfer (LUT) and LUI sequence were established in the sea-land direction. Finally, the apriori algorithm was used to set the support and confidence, and the decision tables were subjected to training and testing in MATLAB. This study constructed association rule mining models that expressed spatial relationships and discovered the impact of the growth of shipping on the spatial pattern of land use.

Mining the association rules between port shoreline and land utilization intensity: a case study in the coastal zone of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia