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A settling basin is generally provided close to the headwork of hydropower projects to facilitate settlement and exclusion of sediments to meet the stipulated design criteria. The settling basin minimizes the wear and tear of the underwater components of the power plant. The design of inlet transition and inlet zone of the basin has to consider non-uniform flow conditions and formation of eddies. The configuration of inlet transition has a significant effect on the water and sediment flow pattern at the entry point and in the inlet zone as such and consequently on the overall settling efficiency of the basin. The review of model studies and case studies on the settling basin of run-of-river projects in the Himalayan and other mountainous regions, with particular reference to the inlet transition design, brings to light the strengths and limitations of physical and numerical models, merits of combining both types of models in specific cases and also the important parameters to be considered in model studies. The design features for inlet transition in open channel and pressure flow basin projects are also discussed. Importance of monitoring and reporting the performance of existing settling basins for improving the design of inlet transition of settling basins in future has been highlighted.

Model studies for the design of inlet transition of settling basins of hydropower projects in high sediment yield areas: a review